ABSTRACT
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the oriental spices, widely used worldwide for multiple purposes. It is applied as an important ingredient in Ayurvedic preparations from time immemorial. Tissue culture is a practice that is utilized to propagate plants from cells or tissue under sterile conditions. This study is directed to create a review of the successful and reproducible convention for in vitro recovery of ginger with emphasis on effective initial culture establishment. Furthermore, it has dealt with the appropriate explant size and effectiveness of media quality on micropropagation of ginger. The current study recommends that the medium containing Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) can be used for inducing shoot development of ginger. Among the diverse explants, shoot tips give the quickest response for starting development and the highest number of multiple shoots are produced. As well, it is demonstrated that a survival rate and proper shoot/root expansion can be obtained through the tissue culture methods. Emphasizing the tips and recommendations, this study would be a route-map towards time and cost saving for producing a better quality of ginger.
ABSTRACT
Pleurotus pulmonarius commonly known as the grey oyster mushroom is the most widely cultivated species for its nutritional, medicinal and economical values. Two strains (China & Thailand) of P. pulmonarius were grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA) and sawdust substrate in different salinity conditions with different water collected from four resources to analyse the vegetative growth of mycelium. The water samples were labelled as W1-lab water (control), W2- Nas-Agro farm water, W3- Ganofarm water and W4- 7-star agricultural farm water. The present research evidently indicated that the two strains of P. pulmonarius showed relative similarities regarding their development and physiochemical characteristics. The mycelia of P. pulmonarius showed considerable growth for 0% and 1% NaCl in both PDA and substrate medium. The slight growth for 5% NaCl was observed only in sawdust substrate for W2 (water collected from Nas-Agro Farm) while remaining 10% NaCl plates (PDA) and test tubes (sawdust substrate) remained uncolonised. Among the NaCl concentrations tested, the best mycelia yield was recorded in the medium with low concentrations of NaCl as an essential element for the mycelial growth. Variation of mycelial growth was also observed with different water samples, growth medium and strains of the mushroom. The best results were observed in W2 with PDA media showing high vegetative growth. Moreover, the China strain showed faster and uniform results. This suggests that salinity, growth medium and water are effective for the growth of mycelium.
ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de tipo transversal para determinar el nivel de satisfacción en 101 pacientes con Osteogénesis Imperfecta en el tratamiento con Pamidronato. Se contactaron por encuesta vía telefónica a 52 pacientes quienes contaban con al menos dos ciclos de tratamiento.De 505 fracturas reportadas, el 71% se produjeron previas al tratamiento, evidenciándose disminución del 42% de fracturas. 69 % de los pacientes no refieren dolor posterior al tratamiento en comparación con el 27% que no refieren dolor previo al tratamiento. El porcentaje de pacientes capaces de caminar de manera independiente aumentó 21%, disminuyendo 31% de paciente confinados al lecho o silla de ruedas. El porcentaje de mejoría, conformidad y recomendación del tratamiento es favorable en casi 100% de los entrevistados. El tratamiento con Pamidronato mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes con Osteogénesis Imperfecta.
We present a descriptive study to evaluate the level of satisfaction in 101 patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta in treatment with Pamidronato. We contact 52 patient for an enquire by telephone, who have 2 or more ciclos of treatment. From 505 fractures report, the 71% was until treatment, we found disminution of 42% of fractures. 69% of patients dont refer pain after treatment in comparison with the 27% that do not refer pain until treatment. The porcent of patients capables of walk independent increase 21%, decrease 31% of patients that can not walk. The porcent of improvement, conformity and recomendation of treatment is good in also 100% of interview. The treatment with Pamidronato improve the life quality in the patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quality of Life , Fractures, Bone/therapy , Osteogenesis Imperfecta/therapy , Treatment Outcome , Etidronic Acid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Clofibrate is a glucuronosyl transferase inducer that has been proposed to increase the elimination of bilirubin in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. The aim of this study was to characterize the therapeutic effect of clofibrate in neonates born at full term and present with non-hemolytic jaundice. METHODS: A clinical controlled study was performed in two groups of healthy full term neonates. Thirty neonates were treated with a single oral dose of clofibrate (100 mg/kg) plus phototherapy (clofibrate-treated group) while another 30 neonates (control group) received only phototherapy. RESULT: The mean plasma total bilirubin levels of 12th, 24th and 48th hours were significantly lower in the clofibrate-treated group as compared with the control group (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.004, respectively). Treatment with clofibrate also resulted in a shorter duration of jaundice and a decreased use of phototherapy (P < 0.0001). No side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Although other pharmacological agents such as metalloporphyrins and Sn-mesoporphyrin also seem to be effective in decreasing bilirubin production, these products are not available for routine use and cannot be used because the safety of these drugs has to be confirmed prior to their widespread use. Therefore, clofibrate is now the only available pharmacological treatment of neonatal jaundice.
Subject(s)
Bilirubin/blood , Clofibrate/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Jaundice, Neonatal/drug therapy , Male , Phototherapy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
In order to understand the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus [HCV], 760 blood donations were selected randomly and screened for HBsAg, anti HIV 1 /2 and antibody to HCV [anti-HCV] The prevalence rate of anti HCV in the indigenous population of blood donors from Rawalpindi is 4.8%, which is slightly less than HBsAg positivity [6.5%]. There was no overlapping between the seropositivity of anti-HCV with HBsAg, suggesting different epidemiological factors. In order to prevent transmission of HCV through blood transfusion, it is essential that all donors be screened for anti-HCV
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Blood Donors , Blood TransfusionABSTRACT
Exposure to hepatitis C virus [HCV] and its effect on ALT levels was studied in 35 transfusion dependent cases of thalassaemia major. Twenty-one [60%] cases were anti HCV positive and also showed raised Alanine Transaminase [ALT] levels. Of 14 anti HCV negative, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen [HBs Ag] negative seven showed raised ALT levels, indicating the chances of acute viraemia. Thus there is an urgent need to start anti HCV screening on all blood donations
Subject(s)
Humans , Thalassemia/complications , Hepatitis/etiology , Hematologic Tests/methods , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Blood Transfusion/methodsABSTRACT
Dans cette etude retrospective portant sur 16 cas de goitres plongeants; les auteurs trouvent; pour cette variete; une frequence de 5 pour cent de l'ensemble des goitres; une predominance du sexe femininet un age moyen des malades de 40 ans. Le diagnostic; evoque sur l'aspect de la masse cervicale; est confirmee par les examens radiologiques. Les accidents compressifs; complications evolutives habituelles; n'ont pas ete souvent rencontres. Le traitement chirurgical; realises dans tous les cas par le biais d'une cervicotomie transversale; a consiste en exereses partielles ou totales de goitres; qui se sont revees benins ou malins a l'histologie. Les suites simples de ces interventions confortent les auteurs dans le choix de la cervicotomie comme voie d'abord de predilection des goitres plongeants
Subject(s)
Goiter/complications , Goiter/diagnostic imaging , Goiter/epidemiology , Goiter/surgeryABSTRACT
The study of a post-coital contraceptive pill containing 0.75 mg levonorgestrel was undertaken at National Research Institute of Fertility Control [NRIFC] to assess its efficacy, side effects and acceptability. Ninety five women were studied for 340 months of use. Average age and parity of acceptors was 29.4 and 3.8 respectively. Menstrual cycle irregularity was the most prominent side-effect responsible for 42.1% of discontinuations. No serious medical complications were noted. Contraceptive failure [pregnancy] rate calculated according to modified Pearls formula was 2.5 per 100 women years. The post-coital pill found acceptance in a group of women who needed contraception infrequently. Results are discussed comparing the experience with other contraceptives
Subject(s)
Clinical Trials as TopicABSTRACT
The acidic α-mannosidase was purified 4400-fold by affinity chromatography on Concavalin A-Sepharose and heat treatment at 65°C in the presence of 1 mM zinc ion. The enzyme did not resolve into multiple forms as in the case of enzymes from human liver and human kidney. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 4.2 in citrate-phosphate buffer. The Km value for p-nitrophenyl-α-D-mannose was 1.9 mM. The molecular weight of the enzyme determined by gel filtration was 300,000. The enzyme contained 10.6% neutral sugars.